About this edition

The book and the copy

Petrus Sutor, De tralatione Bibliae, et novarum reprobatione interpretationum. Paris: Pierre Vidoue for Jean Petit, 1525 (colophon dated pridie Kalendas Martias, 28 February). Folio; ff. [4] CI [1]. USTC 180977.

The text is read from the copy in the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna (Alt Prunk *44.A.2), which the library and Google digitised in 2013. The page images shown beside the text are the ÖNB's, used under its non-commercial terms. Each links to the full-resolution image at the library. The colophon leaf of this copy is torn just below Anno, which is why some catalogues date it 1524, the date of the privilege.

How the Latin was made

OCR of the colour page images with Kraken, using the CATMuS Print model. On a sample page this made about 1.5% character errors, against 2.7% for the Google Books text layer.
Correction by machine (Claude) line by line against the page image, with the ÖNB's own OCR as a second opinion. Every abbreviation was marked with its expansion.
No human has yet proofread the whole chapter against the print. Doubtful readings are marked.

As printed shows the text line by line with Sutor's abbreviations; hover over one to see it expanded. Long s is written as s, and a hyphen marks where the print breaks a word at the end of a line. Reading expands the abbreviations, writes ę and æ as ae, and turns consonantal u into v where a simple rule can tell (nouum → novum, vt → ut). It leaves the harder cases (inuenire) as printed. Sutor's own spellings (tralatio, ydiote) and punctuation are kept.

How the English was made

The translation is a machine draft (Claude) made from the reading text, with a fixed glossary for Sutor's key terms. It aims to be accurate rather than elegant, and keeps Sutor's long periods where it can. It has not yet been checked against the Latin by a Latinist. Each paragraph carries its status:

machine draft: not yet read by a person
read by the editor: read for sense and English, not checked word by word
checked by a Latinist: checked word by word against the Latin

Where the translator was unsure, whether about a construction, a doubtful reading, Sutor's irony or an unidentified quotation, the paragraph carries Questions for Latin readers. Answers to these are the most useful comments of all.

Some terms are translated the same way throughout: tralatio “translation”; interpretatio “version” or “rendering”; lingua vulgaris “the vulgar tongue”; lingua vernacula “the vernacular”; lingua materna “the mother tongue”; ydiote “the unlettered”; termini “boundaries”.

The dictionary

In the reading text, click any Latin word for its dictionary form, its grammar and a short definition. The analysis is done by LatinCy, a statistical model, and it is sometimes wrong, especially with Sutor's late and scholastic vocabulary. The definitions are cut down from Lewis and Short, A Latin Dictionary (1879), as digitised by the Perseus Digital Library (CC BY-SA). Links go to Logeion, Perseus and Whitaker's Words for fuller entries. The Latin is marked as Latin, so reading tools such as the Alpheios browser extension work on it too.

The encoded text

The Latin and English are kept in TEI XML, with every abbreviation, line break, folio break and doubtful reading recorded. Download chapter 22: c22.xml.

Citing

Cite by folio of the 1525 print, which is what other scholars use, and by chapter and paragraph (§) of this edition. The Cite button under each paragraph copies a citation with a link. Paragraph links (for example /c22/#p05) and folio links (/c22/#f96r) will not change.

Helping

Comments and corrections are made in place with Hypothesis: on a chapter page, select any words, Latin or English, and choose Annotate. A free Hypothesis account is needed, and comments are public.

Readings of the Latin, better renderings, and identifications of Sutor's sources (he quotes Scripture, Jerome, Augustine and canon law, often without a reference) are all welcome.